10 Most Rare Diseases. So what is that ?

Severe diseases such as diabetes, cancer, stroke or heart already widely known. But actually there are other diseases that fairly rare. Disease What is it?
As reported by the DiscoveryHealth, following 10 of the world's rarest diseases are most related to the nerve:
1. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)    PML is a neurological disorder characterized by destruction of myelin, the protective sheath surrounding
    nerve fibers in the central nervous system and spinal cord.    The disease is caused by the JC virus. This virus was found in 85 percent of the adult population in general,
    but the virus remains inactive as long as people remain healthy and strong immune system. PML occurs in 1
    in 200,000 people.

2. Paraneoplastic neurologic Syndromes (PNS)    PNS is a condition that affects the nervous system, namely brain, spinal cord, nerves are also muscle. The
    term 'paraneoplastic' means nerve syndrome is not caused by the tumor itself, but by an autoimmune
    reaction that produces the tumor. In many patients, the immune response can cause damage to the nervous
    system that far exceeds the damage done to the tumor.

3. Dercum Disease    Dercum disease is a rare disorder, characterized by a growth of fat tissue (lipoma) is painful. This growth
    usually occurs on the hands, upper arms, upper legs, also under the skin (subcutaneous).    Dercum disease often causes great pain. In some cases, affected individuals may also experience weight
    gain, depression, lethargy, and confusion. The exact cause of Dercum disease is not known.


4. Fahr Disease    Fahr disease is a degenerative nerve disorder that rarely occurs. It is characterized by deposits    abnormal calcium (calcification) and associated cell loss in specific regions of the brain, such as ganglia    basalt.    Fahr disease can cause damage to cognitive abilities (dementia), loss of ability motor, muscle stiffness, 
    paralysis and even blindness.

5. Devic disease    Neuromyelitis Optica or Devic disease is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of nerve tissue
    in the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (mielitis). In the early stages, the
    symptoms of Devic disease may be similar to multiple sclerosis.

6. Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)    TD is a spontaneous neurological movement disorder caused by the use of dopamine receptor drugs to
    treat mental conditions or specific digestion. Long-term use of these drugs may produce biochemical
    abnormalities in the brain region known as the striatum.    Distonia dyskinesia is a more severe form of TD, which swirling motion over the neck and trunk muscles
    that stand out more slowly.

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7. Landau Kleffner Syndrome (LKS)    LKS is characterized by loss of verbal comprehension and expression of language (aphasia), in  

    cooperation with electroencephalic (EEG) is abnormal, causing seizures.

8. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD)    A1AD is derived disorder characterized by low levels of a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) which
    is found in the blood.    Lack of A1AT allows substances that break down protein (proteolytic enzymes) to attack various body
    tissues. This led to changes that damage the lungs (emphysema) and also can affect the liver and skin.

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9. Or cyclic vomiting syndrome Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)    CVS is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting usually lasts

    for several hours or even days. Other symptoms are a pale, listless, abdominal pain and headaches. The

    exact cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown.

 

10. Spinal Muscular atrophy (SMA)   SMA group of inherited disorders characterized by the loss of certain nerve cells called motor neurons.

   Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord (brain stem) in the muscle or gland

   tissue.   The loss of motor neurons causes progressive muscle weakness and muscle waste (atrophy) of muscles 

   such as shoulders, hips and back. These muscles needed for crawling, walking, sitting and head control.  

   More severe type of SMA can affect the muscles involved in eating, swallowing and breathing.

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Whitish in pregnant women

Whitish which in medical terms is called fluor albus or leucorrhoea a discharge from the vagina. Discharge can occur in any woman, regardless of age. Three-quarters of women in the world expected to experience a vaginal discharge at least once in his life. Pregnant women also often have vaginal discharge during pregnancy.

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According to Drs. dr. Dwiana Ocviyanti, Sp.OG from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of medicine / RSCM Jakarta, a woman more prone to vaginal discharge during pregnancy because of hormonal changes during pregnancy in which one effect is to increase the amount of fluid production and decrease in vaginal acidity, and there were also changes in digestive conditions. All of these affect the increased risk of vaginal discharge, especially those caused by fungal infection.
Discharge can be normal (physiologic) and abnormal (pathological). Under normal circumstances, the liquid that comes out tends to clear or slightly yellow and thick like mucus and is not accompanied by odor or itching. However, if the fluid that comes out along with odor, itching, pain when urinating or color is greenish or mixed with blood, then this can be considered abnormal.
Whiteness is often regarded as common and trivial thing for women. In addition, a sense of shame when having vaginal discharge often make women reluctant to consult a doctor. In fact, abnormal vaginal discharge due to infection that continues to cause health problems. In pregnant women, other than to disrupt the mother's health, also can affect the fetus.
Both women and pregnant women who experience abnormal vaginal discharge, clear Dr. Ovi, immediately went to the doctor so the doctor can examine them carefully to find out the cause of vaginal discharge and only then can provide appropriate treatment.

 

Things which Causing Whitish

Cause of vaginal discharge can be classified in two major categories, namely physiological and pathological. In physiological conditions, vaginal discharge can occur during pregnancy, before and after menstruation, when he gets sexually stimulated, as much physical activity, all of which did not result in additional complaints such as odor, itching, and discoloration.
While the pathological whiteness is caused by infection with microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-celled parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Can also be caused by irritation due to various reasons such as vaginal irritation due to cleaning agents, irritation during intercourse, use tampons, and contraceptive devices.
Infection with viruses, bacteria, and single-celled parasite is generally obtained during sexual activity. While the yeast infection Candida sp that normally exist in the gastrointestinal tract and vagina, can occur due to excessive growth due to various factors, one of which is the condition of pregnancy that cause the decrease of body immunity and also the vagina.

 

 Generally the most common cause of vaginal discharge in pregnant women is a fungal infection Candida sp. Pregnant women can develop vaginal discharge early pregnancy until the final trimester before birth. But the whitish due to fungal infection, will be more severe occurred in the last months of pregnancy because it appeared at that time the most high humidity vagina.
According to Drs. Ovi, has not occurred during labor and intact membranes, where the fetus is still protected by the amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid is sterile, there is generally no direct effect of vaginal infections that cause vaginal discharge in the fetus. But if there is still an infection during labor, the impact of whiteness that occurs depends on the cause, where the baby will be the contact with the cause of vaginal discharge.
For example, Chlamydia infection can occur miscarriage to premature labor (preterm labor). Herpes simplex virus infection can cause inflammation in the baby's brain (encephalitis). Fungal infections Candida sp can increase the risk of epilepsy (epilepsy). Infection with the HPV virus can cause the occurrence of laryngeal papilloma in infants that causes respiratory and digestive disorders baby to death. Neisserea gonorrhoeae bacterial infection can cause eye infections in babies until blindness occurs.
In the abnormal vaginal discharge caused by infection, of course ongoing infection and is dependent cause, can damage the health of pregnant women. For example in case of Chlamydia infection in pregnancy, fetal membrane rupture may occur before the time of delivery. This lead to the occurrence of infection in the fetus and also in the mother that can cause severe infection to death.
In a normal vaginal discharge is okay to have sex. But the condition is there is a problem especially when the problem is infection, then sexual intercourse should be avoided until the problem is completed.
Required on the part of couples therapy when the infection may have occurred also in the pair, in order to avoid ping-pong phenomenon. Called ping-pong phenomenon due to infection in women who are also on her male partner re-infecting the woman after she was cured by previous treatment.
Questioning of vaginal washing fluid, according to Dr. Ovi, vaginal washing liquid antiseptic that is strong or when performed vaginal washing fluid intake in large numbers into the vagina (douche) can damage the normal vaginal flora, causing fungi and bacteria grow easily. So to choose vaginal washing liquid, Dr. Ovi recommend choosing who has the acidity in accordance with the vagina and its use only to the exterior of the vagina. 

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E.coli Bacteria make a serious impact more than just Diarrhea

During this bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) are more commonly known to cause digestive problems like diarrhea. But another effect of coli bacteria contamination was more than just diarrhea. Anything?
A study published in the British Medical Journal found those who consumed water contaminated with E. coli have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure, kidney problems and heart disease later in life.
The team of researchers from the Lawson Health Research Institute and The University of Western Ontario to assess the risk for high blood pressure, kidney disorders and cardiovascular disease also occurs in 8 years since suffering gastroenteritis (digestive problems) from contaminated drinking water bacterium Escherichia coli.
The team used data from the Walkerton Health Study, which is the first study to evaluate long-term health after an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the U.S. in May 2000. Participants were surveyed every year, undergo a physical examination and laboratory tests to evaluate the long-term health.
Approximately 54 percent of participants experienced an acute gastroenteritis and some of them need medical attention. Known participants who experienced acute gastroenteritis risk 1.3 times more likely to have hypertension, 3.4 times more likely to develop kidney damage and 2.1 times more likely to experience cardiovascular disease such as heart attack or stroke.
"Our findings underscore the need to follow up cases of food poisoning or water caused by E. coli 0157: H7 to prevent or reduce progressive vascular injury," said Dr. William Clark, a researcher from Lawson, as quoted from Health24, Wednesday (24/11 / 2010).
Dr. Clark is also a Nephrologist at London Health Sciences Centre said that the importance for communities to ensure food and water consumed free of E.coli infection.

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